Fiber Analysis: Qualitative
1. Grouped By Generic Classifications of Textile Fibres
Natural Fibers |
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a.
Cellulose (Vegetable) |
b.
Keratin (Animal) (Natural
Protein Fibres) |
c.
Mineral |
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1. Seed Fibres Cotton Akund
Kapok
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1. Wool & Chlorinated wool
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·
Asbestos
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2. Silk Bombyx
(cultivated) Tasar
or Tussah (wild)
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2.
Bast Fibres I. Low Lignin Content Linen or Flax Ramie II. High Lignin Content Jute Mesta Rosella True Hemp Sunn Hemp
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3. Alpaca Camel
Cashmere
Horse llama Mohair Rabbit
Vicuna
Yak
|
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3.
Leaf Fibres Manila
Hemp (Abaca) Sisal
(Agave) |
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4.
Fruit or Nut Fibre Coir
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Group 2 - Man-Made Fibers
Man Made Fibers |
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a.
Regenerated Fibres |
b.
Synthetic Fibres |
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1. Cellulosic Viscose Cuprammonium Acetate
(secondary & triacetate) Polynosic High-Wet
Modulus Fibres (HWM)
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1. Polyamides Nylon
6 Nylon
66 Nylon
610 Etc…
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2. Polyester Terylene Terene Dacron Etc…
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2.
Protein Casein Groundnut
Fibre Zein
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3. Polyvinyl Derivatives I. Polyvinyl Chloride Pe Ce Rhovyl Etc… II. Polyvinyl Chloride Acetate Vinylon
ST Vinyon
HH III. Polyvinyl Chloride Acrylonitrile Vinyon
N Dynel IV. Polyvinylonitrile (Acrylic fibre) Orlon Acrilan V. Polyvinyl Alcohol Vinylon Kuralon VI. Polystyrene & Copolymers Styroflex Polyfil Etc.. VII. Polyvinylidene Chloride & Copolymers Saran Velon
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4. Polyolefins I. Polyethylene Polythene II. Polypropylene Reevon
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2. Fibre identification by Burning Test-
Reaction to Flame

Identification Density & Melting
Point
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Natural Fibre
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Density g/cc
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Melting Point ℃
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Asbestos (chrysotile)
|
2.1-2.8
|
Over 350
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Cellulose
|
1.51
|
none
|
Silk
|
1.32-1.34
|
none
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Wool & Other Hair
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1.15-1.30
|
none
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Identification Density & Melting
Point
|
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Man-Made Fibre
|
Density g/cc
|
Melting Point ℃
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Acetate, Secondary
|
1.32
|
260
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Acetate, tri
|
1.30
|
288
|
Acrylic
|
1.12-1.19
|
none
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Anidex
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1.22
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Softens at 190℃
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Aramid
|
1.38
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Char at 400℃
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Azlon
|
1.30
|
none
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Modacrylic
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1.30 or 1.36
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188 or 120
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Novoloid
|
1.25
|
none
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Nylon
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1.12-1.15
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213-225
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Nylon 6,6
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1.12-1.15
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256-265
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Nytril
|
1.20
|
218
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Polyester
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1.38 or 1.23
|
250-260 or 282
|
Polyethylene
|
0.90-0.92
|
135
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polypropylene
|
0.90-0.92
|
170
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Rayon
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1.51
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none
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Rubber
|
0.96-1.06
|
none
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Saran
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1.70
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168
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Spandex
|
1.20-1.21
|
230
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Vinal
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1.26-1.30
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-
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Vinyon
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1.34-1.37
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230 or 400
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Identification Density & Melting
Point
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Inorganic Fibre
|
Density g/cc
|
Melting Point ℃
|
Metallic
|
Varies
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Over 300
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Glass
|
2.4-2.6
|
850
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4. Fibre identification by Solubility Test
Floatation Test -
5. Fibre identification by Microscope
Microscopic Analysis
Photomicrographs of Common Textile Fibers
Cross-Section-500X-Silk-fibre
Longitudinal-View-500X-silk-fibre
Cross-Section-500X-Silk-tussah-fibre
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