Determination of Lignin content | Hemicellulose Content | Cellulose Content – Textile Material

Lignin content  Hemicellulose Content  Cellulose Content

Bast Fibre composition 

Cellulose Content

Calculation 

Cellulose Content (%) = 100 – (Wax Content + Water Soluble matter + Pectin + Hemicellulose Content + Lignin Content) 



Wax Content

Apparatus

Drying oven – 105° C

Weighing Balance

Flat RB flask-250ml

Soxhlet Extractors- 250 ml

Desiccators

Thimbles

Reagent

Benzene Ethanol (2:1)


Procedure 

Dry the Flat RB flask for half an hour at 105° C. cool for about 20 min in Desiccators and weight. Weight 5 gm of sample. Place the sample in a thimble in a soxhlet extractor with Benzene Ethanol (2:1) solvent. Siphons at least six times per hour for three hours. Evaporate the extract carefully to dryness in the RB flask on a stream bath. Further dry the RB flask in the drying oven at 105° C to constant mass. Cool in a desiccators and weight. 


Calculation 

Wax content (%) = (c-b)*100/ a

       Where

            a    mass of sample

            b   Oven dry-mass of Flat RB flask

            c   Oven dry-mass of Flat RB flask  with exact




Lignin Content

Apparatus

Drying oven – it shall be capable of maintaining a temp of 105° C  ± 3° C

Weighing Balance-  Capable of weighing Accuracy  of 0.0002 g  

Conical  flask-500ml

Reflux Condenser

Desiccators

Sieve


Reagent

72 % Sulfuric Acid solution

Procedure 

Take Sample wax-free weighing about 1 g. Dry the sample in oven at 105° C ± 3° C for 30 min. cool in a Desiccators and weight them sample (W). Treat the weighted out sample taken in a conical flask with 30 ml of 72 % sulfuric acid solution waiting for 24h. Add 300 ml distilled water and   boil the solution for 1 h using Reflux condenser. Remove Reflux condenser and Cool the solution at Room temperature. Filter the content of the flask through a sieve. Wash the residue on the filter sieve with hot distilled water and finally normal distilled water. Dry the residue in the drying oven at 105° C to constant weight. Cool in desiccators and weight them (W1) 

Calculation 

Lignin content (%) = W1 * 100 / W

              Where

               W – Original mass of sample

               W1 – Oven dry-mass of residue


Water Soluble Matter

Apparatus

Drying oven – it shall be capable of maintaining a temp of 105° C  ± 3° C

Weighing Balance-  Capable of weighing Accuracy  of 0.0002 g  

Conical  flask-250ml

Reflux Condenser

Desiccators

Sieve

Reagent

Water 

Procedure 

Take wax content residue. Dry the sample in oven at 105° C ± 3° C for 30 min. cool in a Desiccators and weight them sample (W). Treat the weighted out sample taken in a conical flask with 150 ml distilled water and boil the solution for 1 hour, changing water, then boiling for 2 hour using Reflux condenser.  Remove Reflux condenser and Cool the solution at Room temperature. Filter the content of the flask through a sieve. Wash the residue on the filter sieve with hot distilled water and finally normal distilled water. Dry the residue in the drying oven at 105° C to constant weight. Cool in desiccators and weight them (W1)

Calculation 

Water Soluble matter (%) = (W – W1) * 100 / W

              Where

               W – Original mass of sample

               W1 – Oven dry-mass of residue


Pectin

Apparatus

Drying oven – it shall be capable of maintaining a temp of 105° C  ± 3° C

Weighing Balance-  Capable of weighing Accuracy  of 0.0002 g  

Conical  flask-250ml

Reflux Condenser

Desiccators

Sieve

Reagent

Ammonium Oxalate ( 5 g/L ) solution

Procedure 

Take water soluble matter residue. Dry the sample in oven at 105° C ± 3° C for 30 min. cool in a Desiccators and weight them sample (W). Treat the weighted out sample taken in a conical flask with 150 ml Ammonium Oxalate solution and boil the solution for 3 hour using Reflux condenser.  Remove Reflux condenser and Cool the solution at Room temperature. Filter the content of the flask through a sieve. Wash the residue on the filter sieve with hot distilled water and finally normal distilled water. Dry the residue in the drying oven at 105° C to constant weight. Cool in desiccators and weight them (W1)

Calculation 

Pectin content (%) = (W – W1) * 100 / W

              Where

               W – Original mass of sample

               W1 – Oven dry-mass of residue

Hemicellulose Content

Apparatus

Drying oven – it shall be capable of maintaining a temp of 105° C  ± 3° C

Weighing Balance-  Capable of weighing Accuracy  of 0.0002 g  

Conical  flask-250ml

Reflux Condenser

Desiccators

Sieve

Reagent

NaoH ( 20  g/L ) solution

Procedure 

Take Pectin Content residue. Dry the sample in oven at 105° C ± 3° C for 30 min. cool in a Desiccators and weight them sample (W). Treat the weighted out sample taken in a conical flask with 150 ml NaoH (20  g/L ) solution and boil the solution for 3  hour using Reflux condenser.  Remove Reflux condenser and Cool the solution at Room temperature. Filter the content of the flask through a sieve. Wash the residue on the filter sieve with hot distilled water and finally normal distilled water. Dry the residue in the drying oven at 105° C to constant weight. Cool in desiccators and weight them (W1)

Calculation 

Hemicellulose Content  (%) = (W – W1) * 100 / W

              Where

               W – Original mass of sample

               W1 – Oven dry-mass of residue

Reference – GB/T 5889-1986 Method of quantities analysis of ramie chemical Components

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